China Unbalanced Write-up Essay

In 2001 China became a member of the World Trade Organization. China’s accession into this organization had many advantages and disadvantages for the country. Some of the advantages of being a member of the WTO for China was the strong increase in GDP growth rate which the country experienced as a result of the facilitation of trade and the increase in imports/exports. Some of the disadvantages of the membership to the WTO were the negative effects in health care, inequalities in income distribution, and inefficient pension funds. Prior to 2001 China had a robust economy which was growing at an astonishing rate. When China ascended into the WTO the country reformed the foreign trade policies which were the foundations of the economic success which the country had experienced. As a result of the reforms foreign enterprise was facilitated, there was more transparency of China’s laws, and free trade was promoted. Despite the growth that China experienced prior to 2001, during annual reviews of the country several human rights issues were exposed which could potentially erode the economy. China’s conformation to the standards which the WTO established would facilitate foreign relations and remedy these human rights issues. China’s membership in the WTO eased some of the restrictions on increased foreign trade regulations which made China more attractive to foreign investors. For foreign-invested firm’s distribution, retiling, and franchising had been significantly restricted prior to 2001. Under the WTO China promised full trading and distribution rights for foreign-invested firms. Tariffs were significantly lowered from 31% to less than 14% and China became committed to treating imported goods comparably to domestic goods in trading agreements. Transparency is a basic principal of the WTO and China’s legal system had to inculcate this principal into their system. Foreign firms had been easily manipulated by the Chinese government and there were several occurrences of theft of foreign intellectual property. The WTO required that China tighten up their legal frameworks and design their legal system to be more transparent for foreign firms which would improve foreign relations. The consequences of the reformed trade agreements were that exports grew by 27% annually and China’s economy grew substantially in subsequent years. The real GDP growth rate increased from 10%- 11% annually. China’s economy had steadily been growing since the late 1970’s as a result of the government’s economic strategies. The strategy which the government subscribed to was an export-led growth strategy. China strengthened its domestic markets and improved its relationships with countries to foster this export-led growth which attributed to the strong GDP growth rate in consecutive years since 1970. Productivity drastically increased in China as a result of the reallocation of capital and labor to more productive uses. There was also a migration of people from rural to coastal regions where there were more resources and opportunities for growth. The labor productivity in China outpaced every other country in the world and the country averaged a 9.5% annual productivity rate between 1997 and 2010. The export-led growth strategy and the increased labor productivity rate were some of the key elements which impacted the strong GDP growth rate. There were some domestic problems which China experienced as a result of the rapid growth in China. Some of these problems were the dismantling of the provisions of the â€Å"iron-rice bowl†. With the influx of private-owned enterprises as a result of the amended foreign relation policies many entities in the public sector ceased to exist or became defunct. There were many provisions which the public sector formerly offered such as adequate health care and robust pensions. Many of the hospitals which were still apart of the public sector operated as if they were privately owned and they catered to the demands of becoming profitable. The ramification of this to the Chinese population was that health care was no longer affordable and accessible to the masses. Many Chinese people were without adequate health care and the pensions which they once had were taken from them because most of the pensions were apart of programs implemented by the public sector which were no longer in existence. Despite the stellar GDP growth rate which China experienced the unemployment rate remained high in China throughout this prosperous economic period. The reason for this is that the majority of the jobs which were created were in the coastal regions. The implications of this are that those people who lived in-land did not have access to as many jobs. Many of the salaries of people who lived on the coast were significantly higher than those people who lived in-land. So there became an inequality of income distribution throughout China as a result of the increase in GDP growth as a result of foreign trade and investments in coastal regions.

Irac Case Brief State V. Mcneely

State v. McNeely 358 S. W. 3d 65 MO. (2012) Facts: The defendant was stopped by a Missouri state highway patrolman for speeding and during this stop the trooper noticed that the defendant was displaying all the tell-tale signs of being intoxicated; blood shot eyes, slurred speech, and the smell of alcohol on his breath. This stop then changed from being a speeding stop to a DWI investigation. The trooper had the defendant get out of his truck and perform standard field sobriety tests.The defendant did poorly on the test so the trooper arrested him for driving while intoxicated then, he asked him to take a breathalyzer which the defendant refused. The trooper then drove the defendant to the hospital to obtain a blood test to verify its alcohol content level. Once at the hospital the defendant refused the blood test but the trooper demanded it be done anyway, without securing a warrant, based on what he believed was a recent change in the law since time is critical to blood-alcohol con tent levels.The blood sample was analyzed and the defendant’s blood alcohol content was well over the legal limit. The trooper believed at the time that officers no longer needed to obtain warrants for nonconsensual blood test, due to a change in Missouri’s implied consent laws FN2. This belief was based on an article written by a traffic safety resource prosecutor. The defendant moved to suppress the results of the blood alcohol test as evidence, citing that the blood draw was a violation of his Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures.The trial court sustained the motion. The Circuit Court, Cape Girardeau County and state appealed. Issues Did the State Trooper violate the defendants Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable search and seizures with the warrantless blood draw? Is the natural dissipation of blood-alcohol evidence alone a sufficient necessity to dispense with the warrant requirement under the fourth amendment? Rule The Fourth amendment to the United States Constitution ensures the right of people to be secure in their person†¦against unreasonable searches and eizures. This includes not only a person’s dwelling but also includes the intrusion of a person’s body when no emergency exists. The United States Supreme Court has continually stated that† any searches conducted outside the judicial process, without prior approval by a magistrate are per se unreasonable under the fourth amendment subject only to a few specifically established and well delineated exceptions. The limited exceptions to drawing a person’s blood without consent would rest on special facts where the officer reasonably believed there was probable cause that incriminating evidence would be found and that if the time needed to obtain a warrant would endanger life, allow a suspect to escape, or they were faced with an emergency situation where delaying to get a warrant would lead to destruction of evidence. A nalysisThe testimony of the Trooper is that the defendant was under arrest for DWI after showing obvious signs of being intoxicated and then failing the field sobriety test when he refused the breathalyzer and blood test. The trooper, who has had over 17 years of experience in obtaining warrants for blood draws, believes that taking the defendant to the hospital for a blood test against his will, without a warrant, is justified because of an article recently published stating that the law had been changed.The article was written by a traffic safety resource prosecutor and was published in â€Å"Traffic Safety News† referred to a Supreme Court case where a limited exception to the warrant requirement for taking nonconsensual blood samples in alcohol related arrests was allowed for special facts, that an officer would be faced with an emergency situation where delaying to obtain a warrant would threaten destruction of the evidence.The trooper in this case was not faced with spe cial facts because there was no accident to investigate and there was no medical attention needed to anyone so there was no delay that would threaten the destruction of the evidence. There is also no evidence that the trooper would not have been able to obtain a warrant if he had attempted to do so.No case in Missouri supports a per se rule that the natural dissipation of blood-alcohol is alone sufficient to constitute exigent circumstance that would permit officers in every DWI case to take blood from a suspect without consent or a search warrant. Conclusion The defendant’s Fourth amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches of his person was violated. The trial courts judgment to suppress is affirmed. The case is remanded.

Econ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Econ - Essay Example As such both the anti-trust laws and intellectual property right laws are at odds with each other due to their potential differences. Though both the legal regimes may seem quite non-relative with each other as intellectual property rights deal with the protection of certain rights over any kind of technological or other advances made whereas the anti-trust laws specifically deal with the competition and how market should be regulated. It is however, argued that both are linked in the sense that government attempt to create so called justified value in the market in a bid to unite the market. This paper will discuss the paradox of what intellectual property rights and anti-trust laws prevent and permit respectively and how this paradox can be solved. Intellectual Property Rights and Anti-trust laws Intellectual property rights are given in order to provide exclusive rights for different intangible assets to the owners of these assets. Most commonly Intellectual Property Rights or IPR are granted by giving or registering patents, trademarks, copyrights as well as industrial design rights. It is however; critical to understand IPRs are becoming increasingly more important not just only in the trade related issues at the national and international level but they are also becoming a matter of daily routine. This aspect of the IPRs therefore makes them critically more important to gain increasingly more significance from the social perspective also. It is argued that there is no uniform definition or explanation of the intellectual property rights at the global level however, different agreements and treaties have actually being made in order to iron out the anomalies and bring in harmony at the national level in the intellectual property rights. World Intellectual Property Organization defines intellectual property rights as â€Å"creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images and designs used in commerce†. (WIPO). This definition is relatively different from what has been defined by World Trade Organization. Definition by WTO suggests that intellectual property rights give exclusive rights to the creators of mind’s inventions to use them for certain period of time. The above definitions therefore suggest that intellectual property rights and their legal implications are still to be defined in uniform manner. Anti-trust laws however, are related with the concept of competition which is purely and economic concept and refer to a market based mechanism. Under this mechanism, everyone is allowed to enter and trade in the market freely and without any restrictions and should be given equal treatment and fair chance to pursue one’s own economic interests. Competition however, also requires optimal allocation of resources and is considered only valuable when it is able to optimally allocate the resources in the market. What is also important to note that competition inherently require s that there should not be any barriers or unfair use of market power and use of unfair practices which can provide an unfair advantage to someone? Competition therefore advocates a fairly balanced and just market mechanism under which everyone is free to enter and exit the market

Synthesis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Synthesis paper - Essay Example On the other hand, where justice is not present, then the laws cannot be followed by men who wish to live by such higher moral laws, and they have a duty to resist them without violence, even if it leads to personal suffering and jail. There is the sense in both King and Thoreau of making use of this higher inner moral compass to subvert what they see as the evils of their time, slavery and an unjust war campaign on the part of Thoreau, and the discrimination and systematic marginalization of African Americans suffering from centuries of slavery on the part of King. In both men the vision is that human laws are only to be followed where they conform to universal moral laws. The individual too and the respect given to the individual’s human rights and dignity are the proper starting points of any government crafting laws. Where society, government and the law disrespect human rights and debase individual liberties, then men have no obligation to follow those laws at all, but ar e free within their own individual capacities to resist the law and to go against society. This paper asserts therefore that one can read into the works of the two men the intention to lay out the foundations of moral action in society: people being able to immediately live with integrity and totally within their own individual capacities to live according to those higher moral laws. This is regardless of what is happening on the outside- regardless of whether governments and societies are enlightened or unenlightened in moral terms. The rest of the paper integrates the two writings in the context of this latter thesis (Thoreau; King). King notes that during the time of Hitler in Germany, all of his actions were legal, but his actions were not just. The plight of the Jews in Germany has become a clichà ©, but worth mentioning here, in that the Jews were victims of massive

Critical Thinking Paper Draft and Self-evaluation Essay

Critical Thinking Paper Draft and Self-evaluation - Essay Example I am completely motivated and geared up to stop smoking, I remember I smoked for the very first time when I was young and I knew nothing about the damage which smoking could cause, I got to know about the damage only later on and I have been trying hard to quit but the temptation always lingers on and it is quite hard to stop it but this time around I am going to do it and I have already been quite successful. I do not even remember the last time that I smoked and this I think is really a big achievement for me and I am going to carry on and completely stop it because I have realized that it is really dangerous and can cause lung cancer, I have already seen enough pain and suffering in those videos. Those videos have been really useful and have motivated me to quit. Chewing gum has also helped me a ton, whenever I feel the urge to smoke I start chewing and this has been of great help to me, the urge to smoke goes away as soon as I pop it into my mouth and the urge to smoke instantly goes away. â€Å"Nicotine replacement therapies work by giving you a small amount of nicotine, but without the dangerous effects of inhaling tobacco smoke. This helps relieve the withdrawal symptoms and cravings for a cigarette that you get when you stop smoking, and allows you to get on with breaking the psychological habit of smoking. If you are physically addicted to nicotine, using NRT has been shown to almost double your chances of successfully quitting smoking.† (Nicorette Gum) This idea was first suggested to me by a good friend and I tried it and it works like a charm for me, the first time I tried it and I was very happy with the results and I knew this was going to save me, I have bought several gums to help me quit. These are a couple of ideas that have really helped me, discipline in life is really important and I have realized this very late but I am going to follow it till my last breath, I have also understood how difficult it is to give up on vices. Developing

How did we come to be Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

How did we come to be - Essay Example Where does this power "to will" come from If we observe our own body parts and their movements as if we are looking at a Television program, the reality behind our origins can be realized to a great extent. This is clearly an experiment about which a number of scientists and critical analysts apparently never thought of doing it while entering into their voluminous research on the evolution, nature and logic of origins of man. If this experiment is opted for, only one idea is likely to follow. This will be an objective realization of the power and force of God behind every living and non-living being and entity. This is ultimate wisdom that does not change for there is nothing beyond it. There is a well established social perspective. It is the universally accepted principle of "Change as the law of Nature". This law by itself has never changed! Why If it is true, it must also change with time. However, no one can deny living by this reality of change. What a great predicament The law is there but it cannot be there if it is to continue. Similar situation appears to be existing about the question: How have we humans evolved in the present pulsating form of precious beings So many schools of thought and ways of argument have come up, as it were, "since the beginning of human inquiry into society." Darwinian, Big Bang, Cosmic Evolution, Stellar Evolution, Chemical Evolution, Planetary Evolution, Organic Evolution, Macro Evolution, Micro Evolution and Pragmatism theories vie with one another to solve the apparent mystery of origins of man.1 Despite so much of variety of material and writings available on "How did we come to be" there is utter dearth of rock solid truth about this matter. Evolutionary theorists are generally modern scientists from biology, chemistry and physics. They believe and write about that phenomenon which can be verified through their own microscopes and eyes only. Pragmatists like Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey appear to have gone even a few steps ahead of the evolutionary theorists. They as such suggest "rejection of the transcendental approach to truth, logic and inquiry".2 For Peirce, 'pragmaticism' and 'fallibilism' were the essence of all logic. For him, 'metaphysics embraces a theory of cosmic evolution and a theory of causal laws'. There has to be a cause and effect relationship inherent and explicit in an experience. All inquiry - including the question of origins of man - must follow this causal law. William James also picked up 'pragmatist' outlook of Peirce and further popularized these ideas.3 Quite in the similar vain, John Dewey made inquiry, rather than truth or knowledge, the essence of logic.4 Critical Assessment: Indeed, these evolutionary and pragmatist analyses are having their own limitations just as any other approach to a world view may be having. One small aspect is very obvious here. Most of the noted and vibrant minds and great critics generally do not look beyond their own perception. At times, the most obvious argument is ignored for it lies just beneath their feet within their immediate reach. If an analyst wants to be objective and scientific in approach, then one must not ignore the most obvious. When dealing with evolution, origins of man and the power behind human

Offer and Acceptance. Intension to Create Legal Relations Essay

Offer and Acceptance. Intension to Create Legal Relations - Essay Example A survey was conducted and thus it objectively appears that the offer was genuine and that Belinda believed that the offer was genuine. The offer and acceptance also appear to meet the requirement that a valid acceptance must mirror the terms of the offer.3 On the facts of the case for discussion, Belinda accepted Tom’s offer as they were presented to her. Therefore it can be argued that a valid offer and acceptance was made. The question is therefore whether or not Belinda was free to withdraw her acceptance. Only if the acceptance was subject to the condition that Belinda receives a satisfactory survey would allow her to withdraw her acceptance. However the condition must be clearly stated as a prerequisite for acceptance.4 Based on the facts of the case for discussion, the offer and acceptance were both unconditional. Given that the offer and acceptance were both made pursuant to the common law rules for valid offer and acceptance, Belinda has entered into legally binding c ontract with Tom. ... There is a presumption however, that agreements between social and family groups are not generally binding contracts.6 In Balfour v Balfour, it was held however, that where there are arrangements and agreements between close members of a social or family group, the presumption that there is no intention to create legal relations is a rebuttable presumption.7 The presumption can be rebutted by evidence to the contrary.8 The loan syndicate between Matt, Mark, Luke and Jon is arguably an arrangement between a close social group as they are colleagues and the arrangement has nothing to do with their work. The presumption that as a social group there is no intention to create legal relations can be rebutted if it can be shown that by joining the syndicate and trusting the ticket purchases and collection of winnings to another member of the syndicate, the parties were putting themselves at a disadvantage. The disadvantage arises because, they could have purchased the winning lottery ticket themselves and collected their own winnings. It was held in Parker v Clark that the presumption can be rebutted where a party to the agreement is disadvantaged by the agreement.9 A similar arrangement occurred in Simpkins v Pays. In this case, a woman together with her granddaughter and tenant agreed to enter a competition as one entrant under the woman’s name and that any winnings would be shared between them. However, when the woman collected the winnings she decided against paying the tenant a share of the receipts. It was held that when the parties shared the competition fee there was an intention to create legal relations and thus there was a legally binding contract.10 It

Analysis of eBays Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of eBays Business Strategy - Essay Example eBay uses online auction-based marketing strategy to expand business across the world. The company has developed community value concept among users while core essence of the concept lies in trusting people. They are trading thousands of dollar daily via online community and the business process is based on faith in online community members. The marketing strategy of the company can be entangled with business strategy. They implemented the concept of e-commerce to create the online platform for buyers and sellers to do the transaction. They did not limit themselves in the USA but designed online platform for international buyers and sellers. They successfully created an environment complemented with mutual trust for traders and ultimately fosters the concept of e-loyalty among them. The company has established a strategic relationship with more than sixty websites to attract new customers and their partnership with America Online helped them access large internet user base. This Move helped them to create an entry barrier for AOL to enter online auction market. Business Exchange program of the company added local dealers to participate in consumer auction market and this strategy helped the company domestic auction market of the country. eBay has rightly analyzed trading behavior of local customers and hence they have developed fifty-three local sites for the country. They expand distribution channel across the country and designed transaction site in accordance with consumer behavior of local users. They have entered more than thirty countries with establishing hundreds of transaction sites. Customers across the globe can get transaction support on a real-time basis. The company did not invest a single dollar on marketing in the initial years and the relied on time-tested viral marketing and word of mouth strategy to promote the brand among customers. Then they shifted to below the line promotion like electronic display, ambient advertising to increase brand visibility, and customers. They shifted their focus to e-marketing after digital marketing revolution. They used a web browser, social media platform, emails to generate response among online users.

Botany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Botany - Essay Example Fortunately, the precious knowledge about herbal medicines has not been forgotten and currently a number of people are seeking herbal remedies as cures for their numerous ailments. There has been a lot of concern towards the use of herbal medicines. Many medical practitioners tend to argue that these forms of natural medicines could cause harm to the users since they are not medically tested and accepted as the right remedies or cures for certain ailments. Canada has regulated the use of natural remedies by drafting into its constitution the restrictions of administering herbal or natural medicines to the citizens (Green 7). For herbal remedy to be accepted in Canada, the following regulations must be followed. To begin with the remedy must be licensed, the site at which the remedy is being processed must also be licensed, good manufacturing practices must be followed in accordance to the law, the remedy must pass the clinical trials, and finally the side effects of the remedy must be reported (Green 12). As to my opinion, restriction to natural remedies should be there but not that extensive. Most people have deep faith in natural products than in other synthetic drugs. Putting in place extensive restriction on herbal medicines will deny herbalists and those who believe in the power of herbs a chance to express their freedom. Herbal medicines are gaining great popularity in today’s world as people are trying to reduce the levels of chemical intake. Finally I would like to pose this question to my fellow classmate to answer â€Å"are natural remedies more effective than synthetic drugs? Green, Barry. Natural Health Product (NHP) Regulation in Canada. 06 May 2008 http://www.ottawaskeptics.org/topics/alternative-medicine/123-natural-health-product-nhp-regulation-in-canada. 22 November

Conflict Resolutions, Cultrual Differences Essay Example for Free

Conflict Resolutions, Cultrual Differences Essay The American way of dealing with conflict, according to the article, is arguing. This might not be the best way, and its definitely not the only way. The article serves the purpose of exploring the cultural differences in how others deal with conflict. It provides alternatives and different ideas in how to resolve conflicts, as oppose to arguing. Arguing is a method of dealing with conflict. In the argument culture nearly everything is framed as a battle or game in which winning or losing is the main concern. The pillars of argument rest on this win-lose idea. Argument is expressed through polarized, two sided, debates and battles. The result elicits a winner and a resolved conflict. This method is commonly used in the Western culture in general, and in the United States in particular. It is also used by individuals of Eastern European background, Jewish tradition, and in some Indian cultures. Joanna Repczynski, for example, had an experience in her visit to France. Her host kept initiating a heated intellectual debate over dinner. When Joanna agreed, another argument would be on its way. Another example is Andrea Talarico. When her Italian-American family argues, their voices would raise and objects would be thrown in an intense discussion. Another example is the Japanese woman who is married to a Frenchman. The Frenchman started arguments with his wife. Finally when she argued back, he was overjoyed rather than getting upset. The advantages of arguments are various. In the case of Joanna and her host, the host felt as if arguing would keep things interesting. Agreement was just to boring. Andrea sees advantages to her Italian-American familys style: We always know how each other feels at all times. This is a sign of her familys closeness. The Frenchman was overjoyed that his wife argued back because it was a sign of showing interest and showing respect for each others intelligence. To him disagreement was a sign of a good relationship. There are disadvantages of arguments. It can be upsetting and it can turn violent. The Japanese women found it so upsetting and Andreas family threw objects. For people who arent used to the argument culture,  arguing can come off to be a surprise, confusion, or alarm and be very offensive. The disadvantaged result of an argument or debate is that there is always a loser. Another method of resolving conflict is ritual vituperation. This method works by the means of screaming insults and song lashing. It was created by traditional societies; the rules are culturally agreed upon, which gives this method a ritual context. It is used by Women in Gapun, Papua New Guinea and in traditional Nigerian villages. Women in Gapun Papua New Guinea, when angered by husbands, relatives, or fellow villagers, can erupt in a kros, shouting insults and obscenities loudly enough to be heard all around. The shouter waits near or in her home and waits for her offender to go far enough away. The villagers, then, watch up close as the women shouts. In Nigeria, a very similar method is used, song lashing. It consists of familiar proverbs or original verses that implies insults. Like kros, onlookers also watch. Its different in the way that the target is referred to indirectly. An advantage of this way of managing conflict is that it provides outlets so aggression can be expressed. Its their way of relieving anger. The advantages stem from its ritualized, structured rules. The onlookers role is to prevent any physical violence. The onlookers provide the speaker with the satisfaction of listening. The speaker provides the onlookers with entertainment. Effective song-lashers are admired for their verbal skill. The target is relived of any direct abuse. There are two major disadvantages to this method. The conflict doesnt get resolved and the children in the surrounding area are subjected to this inappropriate verbal aggression. An alternative to the idea of winning or losing is victors without vanquished. This method of dealing with conflict is to honor the winners as well as the losers. There is more emphasis on harmony rather than winner take all. This method is used in the Asian culture and has a historical  significance in Japan. An example of this method is the 1868 Asian revolution. The two sides of the conflict were the supporters of the Western government model and the old, Chinese model. The people who had fought for the old regimen were not punished but invited to join the new government (and most did). The Western supporters won, but the supporters of the traditional, Chinese model maintained their respect and dignity; they were allowed to remain in existence. The main advantage of this method is that the loser gets recognition, retaining a large measure of respect. According to Ben-Ami Shillony, an anthropologist, this method helped Japan avoid disastrous internecine ethnic and religious strife. The advantage of this method is that it resolves conflicts without disastrous escalation. The disadvantage of this method is that social pressure to maintain harmony can actually cause conflict. The actions of people on conflicting sides are altered by the interference of harmony. For example, a person in disagreement with another might want to take action, but the emphasis on harmony might yield that action, which can cause frustration or even anger. Another disadvantage is that in a society that emphasis harmonic competition, competition tends to become more fiercer than in a society where competition is normal. Another way of dealing with conflict is by the use of intermediaries, third parties. This method rests on the idea that community pressure takes the place of direct conflict. This reflects an emphasis on harmony and interdependence. The conflicting sides are dependent on a mediator, or peacemakers to resolve a conflict. This method can be formally ritualized, or informal. This method is used in Asian societies and in many Pacific cultures. An informal example of this method is the use of matchmakers or marriage brokers. Another example is when neighbors pressure a son or a daughter-in-law to stop neglecting a parent or parent-in-law. There are no ritualized rules in these examples, only third parties that take the place  of direct confrontation. The use third parties can be ritualized or formal. For example, the use of standard structures or rules and hierarchical relations to maintain harmony. In the Solomon Islands, faamananataanga is the way that conflicts can be resolved. The event is held over a family dinner, speaking is serious and formal, and the most senior person is the peacemaker, all making this ritualized. In Tannan, a South Pacific island, Conflicts among villagers or between villages are discussed publicly by groups of adult men at special meetings that last all day. The people present are the go-betweens and the most senior people hold hierarchy positions within the group. Rather than resolving the conflict, these meetings are a way of taking part in a joint journey that results in consensus flowing from the interaction of all. They accomplish harmony of the minds and general understanding out of group effort. Another example is the Fijian Indians. They set up committees, third parties, which interview the opponents before a formal meeting called pancayat. The Japanese use a similar method called nemawashi. It rests on the idea that there are two wrongs and now it is right. Neither opponent is blamed as being the only wrong and seriously at fault. An advantage of intermediaries is that they offer the needed apology without the principal losing face and can absorb rejections without taking them personally. In the case of the matchmaker, the groom avoids the risk of rejection from the potential bride. The groom is then saving face, keeping his dignity and pride. Another advantage of using intermediaries is that the third party offers motivation. The third parties also play a role in maintaining peace and help to avoid potential violence. The idea of pancayat and nemawashi seems a much better way of gathering information than forcing people to speak in a high-pressure public event. The committees take the pressure off of the opponents. A disadvantage of using intermediaries is that the third party is placed in potentially unhealthy and inappropriate circumstances. The third parties are subjected to others conflicts, anger and possible violence. The third parties have a chance to get hurt. The cultures that use intermediaries form a dependence on them to handle their disputes. Even some psychologists tend to regard handling your own conflicts is a sign of maturity. The use of third parties can be a sign of interdependence and immaturity. Another idea of resolving conflict is ritualized fighting. The fighting has specific rules and culturally inclinations. This method is the expression of opposition. The opponents do not gage in physical contact, only express it. It is used in Bali, Indonesia and in Tori, Ireland. In Bali, Indonesia ritualized cock fighting is a fundamental way of dealing with conflict. In Tori, Ireland neighborhood street fights are ritualized ways of dealing with conflict. The rules are not in the sense that the players could recount them. They are just normal and taken for granted. The fighters come out in public and threaten each other. Everything about the fight was structured so that the two men could seem eager to exchange blows without ever landing one. No one gets hurt because no physical contact is actually exchanged. Finally, the mothers, or a female relative, of the fighters would break it up. She would implore the fighter to come home and stop fighting. An advantage of this method is that no one gets hurt. The fighters could rely on their kin to restrain them, preventing them from hurting each other. The onlookers, especially the kin take the role of stopping any physical contact. Another advantage is that the fighters provide the audience with entertainment and excitement for both participants and onlookers. The fight also provides outlets for the fighters and a way they can show their manhood and get more respect. These ritualized customs reinforce social bonds and alliances. The interactive part and support of the society helps to bond them closer together. A disadvantage to this method is that if the kin of one, or both, fighters are not present during the fight, physical contact might occur and someone can get hurt. Another disadvantage is that some of the onlookers may be children. The children are then subjected to cursing and threatening. They might look up to the manly fighters and want to mimic them. A major disadvantage of this method is that the conflict does not get resolved. Comparing the argument culture to ritualized methods of dealing with conflict, it seems that arguing overemphasizes winning, loosing and war and sports metaphors. Too much concentration on polarized views and not enough  on harmony that discourages confrontation. The cultural, ritualized rules provide that culture with boundaries, values, and controlled ways to manage conflict. We cannot simply adopt the rituals of another culture, but thinking about them can give us pause and perhaps even ideas for devising our new ways to mange conflict. The article provides insight on many ideas how to manage conflict. These new ideas can influence an individual, perhaps myself, to manage conflict more constructively.

Miriam Defensor Santiago for President

Miriam Defensor Santiago for President Jamaica May Arizapa Kimberly Baltazar Senate’s Woman of Steel for President All people are deemed to be potential leaders. But only a few achieve the crucial requirements demanded to effectively lead. The capability to head is either connatural or developed. Everybody discerns that leading a country is considerably one of the toughest accountability. A common inquiry of the majority includes the information of what he or she will accomplish, the advantages to them and the probable outcomes of the leader’s limited term. The head of the country has the power to rule, thus it is his or her responsibility to use it relevantly in a righteous way with valid purposes. In addition to that, a considered instance of his or her job is to guarantee the safety and stable lifestyle of his or her fellow countrymen. No person is perceived to be foolproof; consequently, exquisite abstract characterizations should not be the whole basis in selecting a leader. However, he or she is presumed to minimize carelessness and irrational errors. Sublimely, the president’ s duty is to bring in significant development in every aspect for the country. A good leader is impelled by inspiring vision success for the country. He or she is motivated to execute excellent tasks that will help to cope with his or her country’s limitations. An effective leader doesn’t just browbeat, but also hears the voices of his or her fellow countrymen. He or she develops good communication between him or her and them. Being optimistic is not merely a favorable factor; moreover, it must be combined with being realistic so it would bring forth substantial and remarkable development in the country. An effective leader is both a critical and creative thinker that comes up with significant resolutions to many problems. A true leader works hard because of his or her genuine passion for work. Most importantly, the leader believes in his or her country and constitution. On the upcoming elections on 2016, the Filipino voters must make a deliberate decision. Basically, the voters’ dominant choice will determine the fate of the country. As thoroughly researched and observed, the one who deserves the position the most to be granted by the Filipino citizens’ voting power on the next election is Miriam Defensor–Santiago because she visibly demonstrates commitment to public service in a way that she cares for youth and woman, fights corruption, is the Senates top performer in terms of bills and resolutions filed, courageously justifies her judgements through trials, and well-experienced in the field of politics. Despite of being known as the Iron Lady of Asia according to the Asia Magazine, Senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago has her soft heart and sympathy to the children and women. Aside from being a senator she is also a woman and a mother, and she understands the needs of children and women. As a mother, she already experienced of losing a child and she considers that children need protection. In line with this, she filed a Senate Bill No. 2446 or the Children’s Emergency Relief and Protection Act to prioritize and give attention to the security of children affected by natural disasters. Santiago said, â€Å"Children are the most vulnerable in times of disaster. They are at higher risk of disease, abuse, and exploitation. . . .† (Miriam Defensor-Santiago, n.d) Another bill concerning children is the Senate Bill No. 2455 Special Protection of Children against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act which she filed on November 2014. It aims to protect children against any abu ses and discrimination that they are exposed to. She also protects the rights of women by a co-authoring R.A. No. 9710 or the Magna Carta for Women. It conveys a framework of rights for women based directly on international law. The different features of the law comprises act that focuses on the human rights and defying gender discrimination against women. It seeks to eliminate discrimination through the recognition, protection, fulfillment and promotion of the rights of Filipino women, especially those belonging in the marginalized sectors of the society. (Philippine Commission on Women, n.d) She also supports political participation of young people in the country. Oxfam defined activism as the Youth participation helps to promote the civic and political life of young people. According to Santiago in her inaugural speech for the public forum at the Leong Hall, Ateneo de Manila University, youth participation helps to promote the civic and political life of young people. In country like Philippines whose corruption is all over, there is still a politician who is honestly serving the country and continuing in fighting corruption. She is Miriam Defensor Santiago who has the urged to dispute corruption. One of the biggest sources of corruption is the manipulation of the proposed budget, and as a devotee of fighting corruption she monitored the proper distribution of country’s budget. The House of Representatives approved on second reading the proposed P2.606 trillion national budget for 2015. According to Santiago this proposed budget is unconstitutional and questionable. In a privilege speech she uttered that the 2015 budget which contains two dangerous minefields leading to corruption, is not what people expect it is what administration candidates expect. She also called it as an ‘election budget’. (Miriam Defensor-Santiago, n.d) When she noticed something wrong on the distribution the national budget she immediately acts to liquid ate the starting point of corruption. One evidence of this is when she immediately calls for a resolution calling for an investigation regarding the reports that the Philippine Postal Corp. (Philpost) has accumulatedP5 billion in unsettled cash advances from the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). Another good thing about Miriam Santiago is that she is not afraid of questioning officers even it is higher than her. In connection with the corruption scandal of Vice President Jejomar Binay, Miriam- Defensor Santiago said that banks should be required to exposed dummies. Santiago has filed Senate Bill No. 2438, mandating banks to practice monitoring of accounts beneficially owned by politically exposed persons. Santiago’s bill provides that at account opening, banks should require customers to complete a written and signed declaration identifying themselves, the legal entity for which the person is opening the account, and any beneficial owners associated with th e legal entity. Banks should also be required to undertake measures to prevent money laundering of ill-gotten wealth by corrupt government officials and their dummies. Surrounded by politician who is being blind by money, Miriam Defensor Santiago still holds her integrity of not accepting bribe from anyone. This was proven when she returned the P250,000 cash gift given to her by Juan Ponce Enrile, who was then the Senate president. Santiago also revealed that on top of the P250,000 cash gift from Enrile, almost all of the senators were also given P1.6 million from the savings of the Senate (Sy, 2013). Miriam Defensor Santiago surprised the crowd and reporters when she announced that she is suffering from Stage 4 lung cancer. Despite of being ill, Miriam- Defensor Santiago managed to be the top-ranking senator in terms of the number of bills and resolutions filed since the start of the 16th Congress. She did not let her sickness stops her from serving the country. Based on the Senate legislative bills and index service, Santiago filed the most number of bills at 437, 436 of which she was the principal author. She also filed 181 resolutions, 179 of which were introduced by her. In November 18, 2014, she filed the Senate Bill No. 2457 Newborn Infant Safe Haven Act. It is an act providing safe haven for abandoned newborn infants. Another one is she filed a bill about Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Disclosure Act. It is all about protection the public health by requiring tobacco manufacturers to disclose information on ingredients and constituents in tobacco products. Miriam Defensor-Santiago strongly justifies her judgements based on facts and experience through trials. She heard major cases in criminal and civil law and handled special proceedings. In any given week, she might hear criminal cases ranging from bad checks through drug dealing, robbery, rape, and murder, and civil suits involving adoption, probate, or large claims between competing businessmen. The Philippine judicial system follows the European system in eschewing jury trials: the judge determines guilt or innocence and metes out sentences. Those who tried to bribe her, she threatened with citations for contempt of court. To make the point, she sent some immediately to jail, ordering them released, relieved but shaken, shortly thereafter. She admonished her staff against accepting or forwarding to her any gifts from interested parties. In a procedure manual she wrote, now used widely by other judges, she stated: The first rule of this courtroom is no bribes, no extortion. To a jud ge who sent her unsolicited advice about one of her cases, she replied through his messenger that, if he wants to decide my case, then I should take steps to have the case transferred to him. Rebuffing influences from all sides, Defensor-Santiago eventually got her message across. After six months people stopped trying to influence her decisions (Santiago, Miriam Defensor, 2012). Miriam Defensor-Santiago is well-experienced in the field of politics. Besides from being a senator of the Philippines from 1995-2016, she also became the Chair of Presidential Agrarian Reform Council Executive Committee, and Commissioner of Immigration and Deportation, Presiding Judge at the Regional Trial Court (Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago, n.d.). Santiago (2012) described the problem with Philippine elections at the Far Eastern University Central Student Organization lecture series: Let me summarize the problem with Philippine elections: Of the 50 million voters who will troop to the polls in May next year, the greater majority are not intelligent, they are not educated for voting, and the candidates they choose are not educated for serving. This problem is the result of the fact that our Constitution provides that no literacy requirement shall be imposed on voters. Furthermore, although the Constitution provides that a senator should be literate in that he should be able to read and write, the same Constitution does not require any educational attainment on the part of any candidate. Filipino voters have the biggest contribution in determining who will be the next president and in order to have an effective president, the citizens should vote wisely. They should not be deceived by the popularity of the candidates. Voters should regard the capabilities, strengths and weaknesses of the campaigners. Assessing that Miriam Defensor-Santiago has the care for youth and woman, fights corruption, is the Senates top performer in terms of bills and resolutions filed, strongly justifies her judgements through trials, and well-experienced in the field of politics, she can be a potential president of the country. References Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago. n.d . Retrieved November 20, 2014 from Senate of the Philippines: http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/sen_bio/santiago_cvitae.asp Senator Miriam Defensor – Santiago. (n.d.). Retrieved November 3, 2016, from the Senate of the Philippines: http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/sen_bio/santiago_bio.asp Sy, M. 2013. Retreived November 22, 2014 from The Philippine Star: http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/12/22/1270935/miriam-has-most-number-bills-resolutions Santiago, Miriam Defensor. 2012. Retrieved November 23, 2016 from Ramon Magsaysay Awardee Foundation: http://www.rmaf.org.psh/newrmaf/main/awardees/awardee/biography/177

Traditional Dance as the Way to Understand the Culture Essay -- Cultur

â€Å"Dance has no language†- it is often said at the concerts and festivals. Indeed, in order to understand the beauty of the dance and what dancers want to express you do not need to know particular language, so Kazakhs, Russians, Koreans, Germans, Chinese etc. will perceive dance performance in the same way. Traditional dance involves not only dance performance, but traditional national music, costumes and attributes as well. So, through the traditional folk dances people can get acquainted with one or another’s culture. However, according to Bridget Rose Nolan (2008, 8) the nature of the traditional dances are very complex, and the question about to what extent such dances are traditional is arguable. She states that â€Å"dance is arguably one of the hardest forms of cultural expression to pass from one person to another unchanged, let alone from one generation to another through hundreds of years†. As Brennan (1999, 15)said â€Å"dance is, by its nature, ephemeral†. Brennan points that traditional dance itself underwent the process of evolution. Nevertheless, culture is learnt, so it can be changed and it changes slightly from one generation to another, and traditional dance as a part of culture changes as well. This will not be the eradication of culture. Therefore modern traditional dances can be regarded as part of culture and they can be considered as the way to understand particular culture. This paper is focused on this way, to be precisely, how traditional dances affect the understanding of culture. Firstly, the research problem will be described. Then essay will proceed to the description of the practical part, particularly, of the fieldwork, methods and expectations of the participant observation. Furthermore, there will be an an... ...ered that choreography students do not identify with any culture, including their own one, during the dance performance. So, the expectations about the changes in the behavior by the influence of the folk costumes and attributes were met, though the expectations about the feelings of the other cultures were not met. Therefore, folk dances can present culture of the particular folk, but the performances of the folk dances not always involve the understanding of the culture. Bibliography Brennan, H. The Story of Irish Dance. Ireland: Mount Eagle Publications, 1999. Haviland, William A., Harald E.L. Prins, Bunny McBride, and Dana Walrath. Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge. Wadsworth Publishing, 2011. Nolan, B.R. "Tradition, Modernity, and Authenticity in Riverdance." American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. Boston, 2008. 1-17. Traditional Dance as the Way to Understand the Culture Essay -- Cultur â€Å"Dance has no language†- it is often said at the concerts and festivals. Indeed, in order to understand the beauty of the dance and what dancers want to express you do not need to know particular language, so Kazakhs, Russians, Koreans, Germans, Chinese etc. will perceive dance performance in the same way. Traditional dance involves not only dance performance, but traditional national music, costumes and attributes as well. So, through the traditional folk dances people can get acquainted with one or another’s culture. However, according to Bridget Rose Nolan (2008, 8) the nature of the traditional dances are very complex, and the question about to what extent such dances are traditional is arguable. She states that â€Å"dance is arguably one of the hardest forms of cultural expression to pass from one person to another unchanged, let alone from one generation to another through hundreds of years†. As Brennan (1999, 15)said â€Å"dance is, by its nature, ephemeral†. Brennan points that traditional dance itself underwent the process of evolution. Nevertheless, culture is learnt, so it can be changed and it changes slightly from one generation to another, and traditional dance as a part of culture changes as well. This will not be the eradication of culture. Therefore modern traditional dances can be regarded as part of culture and they can be considered as the way to understand particular culture. This paper is focused on this way, to be precisely, how traditional dances affect the understanding of culture. Firstly, the research problem will be described. Then essay will proceed to the description of the practical part, particularly, of the fieldwork, methods and expectations of the participant observation. Furthermore, there will be an an... ...ered that choreography students do not identify with any culture, including their own one, during the dance performance. So, the expectations about the changes in the behavior by the influence of the folk costumes and attributes were met, though the expectations about the feelings of the other cultures were not met. Therefore, folk dances can present culture of the particular folk, but the performances of the folk dances not always involve the understanding of the culture. Bibliography Brennan, H. The Story of Irish Dance. Ireland: Mount Eagle Publications, 1999. Haviland, William A., Harald E.L. Prins, Bunny McBride, and Dana Walrath. Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge. Wadsworth Publishing, 2011. Nolan, B.R. "Tradition, Modernity, and Authenticity in Riverdance." American Sociological Association Annual Meeting. Boston, 2008. 1-17.

My Future in the World Wrestling Federation :: Personal Narrative Essays

My Future in the World Wrestling Federation Before I even entered the double doors, I could hear the power saw inside. My warm breath turned to fog in the cold, January night, and I took the step that would change my life. Entering into a large room, the smell of sawdust almost made me sneeze, and I saw the wrestling ring in the far right corner. I passed the men cutting the 2 x 4s, and making my way towards the ring, was greeted by a stranger. "Are you Jesse?," a 350-pound man asked. "Yea, are you Ray?," I inquired back, figuring that this was the man whom I had spoken with on the phone the previous evening. He was Ray, and he was the man who would be training me over the next several months. He ran this particular professional wrestling school, and by the time the night was over, I couldn't turn my head sideways and had two gigantic purple and yellow bruises on my back. I then drove the hour and a half back to my house, relishing the fact that I was on my way to fulfilling my dream of becoming a professional wrestler. I continued this training routine three times a week for three months, paying 20 dollars for every session I attended. Yes, wrestling is fake. Fake, however, is a misrepresntation. "Rigged" would be a better term, because wrestling is not competition--it is entertainment. The popular term coined in the 1980's is "Sports Entertainment." Endings of matches are predetermined, but it is the road to that ending that is the real action. Wrestling is not a sport, but wrestlers are athletes. The ring has padding, but it is not soft. Wrestlers are taught how to fall, but there is only so much one can do to combat gravity. Most people think the ring ropes are soft and springy, but those people are incorrect. The ropes are made of steel cable with a thin vinyl covering, and they leave welts and bruises until a wrestler's skin is conditioned to take it. It would be unfair of me to expect everyone to enjoy professional wrestling, but anyone who doesn't respect the effort that goes into it probably doesn't know much about it. I, like every other professional wrestler, attended a wrestling "school," which is less like a school and more like sports camp. This school is designed to teach athletes the uniform method of wrestling so that they can wrestle any opponent and still be on the same page.

Atmosphere through Detailed Language in Snow Falling On Cedars :: Snow Falling Cedars Essays

Atmosphere through Detailed Language in Snow Falling On Cedars Snow Falling On Cedars, by David Guterson, is an emotional story. The death of a fisherman, Carl Heine, on San Piedro Island, turns into a murder trial for Japanese American, Kabuo Miyamoto. Also an inter-racial childhood romance between Ishmael Chambers and Hatsue Miyamoto shifts back and forth in time and the World War II Japanese Internment story unfolds as part of the romance. David Guterson creates atmosphere in the opening chapters through detailed language. The story is set on a pacific island where society is very small and the fishing community is very important to islanders. Guterson uses the sea, weather and landscape to describe many features in the opening chapters; this creates links between the setting and story. The use of flashbacks creates an interesting aspect to the novel. Guterson introduces the characters in very detailed portraits; this enables the reader to have a clear identity of each one. Tension is created in the courtroom through prejudice language and Guterson creates an atmospheric feeling to all court scenes. Kabuo Miyamoto is described as a criminal from the beginning of the murder trial; already the reader gets the impression that he is guilty for murdering Carl Heine. "†¦.his stillness suggested a disdain for the proceedings", this shows how Kabuo is feeling a dislike towards the trial, and creates a static atmosphere for the trial ahead. Kabuo also shows that he has no respect for the court as, "†¦.he sat proudly upright with a rigid grace", and he does not acknowledge anything that is going on, "†¦did not appear moved at all". Throughout the detailed description of the opening court room scene we can see that the atmosphere is very tense, and creates a feeling of suffocation, "It was a place of gray-hued and bleak simplicity". Kabuo Miyamoto comes across to the reader as a sensitive individual who is taking this murder trial in his stride. David Guterson shows that Kabuo was depressed whilst, "been exhiled in the county jail for seventy seven days - the last part of September, all of October and all of November, the first week in December", here Guterson lengthens the description of how long he was in jail for and creates a sense of boredom for Kabuo. The weather and sea descriptions that Guterson uses to represent and describe many scenes, are essential as they represent the San Piedro way of life.

James Joyce Concept of Epiphany Essay

James Joyce concept of epiphany is one concerned with a move away from religious transcendentalism towards secular moments in which the subjective experience of the moment harks to a transcendental sense of belonging, awe or inspiration (Barry 2002). This is notably captured in two of his texts known as A Portrait of an Artist and The Dubliners. Using two examples taken from these two texts alongside critiques put forward by certain literary critics, we will attempt to analyse his concept of epiphany in relation to other significant literary devices that he employs. In Joyce’s text A Portrait of an Artist, the narrative can be viewed as moving away from the notion of an objective account of reality. This rejection of realism, prevalent in the realist novel of the early nineteenth century, results in a certain form of ambiguity that has come to define many fellow modernists. Divorcing from the associated omniscient narrative styles of the earlier periods, modernist writers began to take on a great range of new forms and styles, one of which being the employment of the epiphany formerly used commonly in religious writing (Bennet & Royle 2004). In A Portrait of an Artist, this acts in changing the perspective of reality that is being explored by the author, which is achieved through an indulgence of ambiguity rather than process of deduction. This ambiguity is captured in a vagueness in both the author’s narrative and the protagonist’s thoughts throughout the text. For instance, in one extract taken from the text expressing the thoughts of the protagonists direct experience, we can see this ambiguity turn into an epiphany that refers to the experience itself and acts in combining it with other subjective experiences. For instance, on reflection of his own reaction or response to the direct experience he is accounting for, the protagonist enters into the ambiguity of his own thoughts, stating that: ‘O how cold and strange it was to think of that! All the dark was cold and strange. There were pale strange faces there, great eyes like carriage-lamps. They were the ghosts of murderers, the figures of marshals who had received their death-wound on battlefields far away over the sea. What did they wish to say that their faces were so strange?’ (Joyce 2003, 59) In this extract we can see through the division of perspective and perception that the narrator is not observing, documenting or accounting for the experience of the protagonist. Rather, he is allowing the subject the freedom to recall the experience and, in doing so, transcend both the objective reality being accounted for and the form of the literary function. This allows the conscious mind of the character to question their own direct response and reinterpret the reality of the moment by way of an epiphany. This shift in perspective from the reality being charted by the omniscient observer to that of a reflective and ambiguous account being drawn out in the description of the experience itself is referred to by the scholar and critic Peter Barry. In his text Beginning Theory Barry suggests that this is ’the loss of the real’, that he warns can lead to legitimizing ’a callous indifference to suffering’ (Barry 2006, 89). However, this loss of the real is perhaps the antithesis of what Joyce is attempting to evoke in his concept of the epiphany. In essence, the loss of the real is something of an awakening of the transcendental marking the beginning of a psychological reality. This premise could perhaps be seen as a stream of consciousness that could be used to examine the transcendental connectedness between the people and members of a community on the basis of intellectual, as well as objective, reality. Through the techniques incorporated in this style of narrative it is possible to allow the reader to see the psychological reality of the character and have access to their experiences, making the relationship between objective reality and the subject a semiotic one. In this sense, the epiphany is a challenge to the reader. Furthermore, the transcendental reality that it refers to is also secular, as it refers to the subjective experience as the catalyst, rather than any form of divinity as a measurement. In Dubliners, we can see that the premise of Joyce’s city is based upon the idea of nationalism and modernism that was prevalent throughout Europe at his time of writing. This nationalism is personified in the city, which acts as the source of experience and reflection. In many ways, this may be understandably regarded as the replacement for the transcendental God at the heart of religious epiphanies. This is because the object of the city is given as being in natural sync with the individual‘s subjective experience. Essentially, it is the catalyst for the individual’s semiotic relationship with the world and the source of their reflection. Essentially, the city, or city life, is the source of this transcendental epiphany, which makes it a very different environment to the objective and macabre city of some of Joyce’s contemporaries. In one extract, Joyce reveals this transcendental moment and how it combines with other experiential referents through the means of the epiphany. He states that: ‘Walk along a strand, strange land, come to a city gate, sentry there old ranker too, Tweedy’s big moustaches leaning on a long kind of a spear. `Wander` through awned streets. Turband faces going by. Dark caves of carpet shops, big man, Turko the terrible, seated cross legged smoking a coiled pipe. Cries of sellers in the streets. Drink water scented with fennel, sherbet. Wander along all day. Might meet a robber or two. Well, meet him. Getting on to sundown. The shadows of the mosques along the pillars: priest with a scroll rolled up. A shiver of the trees, signal, the evening wind. I pass their dark language. High wall: beyond strings twanged. Night sky moon, violet, colour of Molly’s new garters. Strings. Listen. A girl playing one of those instruments what do you call them: dulcimers. I pass.’ (Joyce 2007, 124) In this extract, we can once again see this shift away from any objective detail and move towards a reflective and subjective account of the experience. Joyce describes the city in relation to the referential meaning of each individual sign as the protagonist combines the account with their experience. This subjective and fluid account of the environment and its many innate objects is then transcended via the epiphany of the experience without reference to any God. Rather, it is the relationship with the city that evokes such the depiction and seemingly alive narrative. Referring to this detail, literary critic Raymond Williams states that: ‘In Joyce, the laws and the conventions of traditional observation and communication have apparently disappeared. The consequent awareness is intense and fragmentary, subjective primarily, yet in the very form of its subjectivity including others who are now with the buildings, the noises, the sights and smells of the city, parts of this single and racing consciousness.’Â   (Williams 1973, 1) It would appear that Joyce is conscious of his use of the concept of epiphany. It would appear that in applying it in a secular manner, he is rejecting the notion of a God or objective transcendental truth. It would seem that this is because Joyce believes that it is the experience itself and the reflection rather than response of the individual that can awaken the transcendental realm and semiotic reality that lies within experience itself. Essentially, without the notion of the epiphany, the narrative would be veering away from the truth of experience itself and would negate the very social and relative apparatus that constitutes our being. Bibliography Barry, Peter. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002. Bennet, Andrew. & Royle, Nicholas. Introduction to Literature Criticism and Theory Harlow: Pearson Education, 2004. Joyce, James. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man London: Penguin Classics, 2003. Joyce, James. Dubliners Oxford: Penguin Classics, 2007. Williams, Raymond. The Country and the City London: Chatto & Windas, 1973.

Literal Translation Essay

A naive view of literal translation might be that it consists in the one for one substitution of the word forms of the target language for the word forms of the source language. This is what normally meant by the term â€Å"literal translation†. Yet , this view is unrealistic. Literal translation, also known as direct translation, is the rendering of text from one language to another â€Å"word-for-word† (Latin: â€Å"verbum pro verbo†) rather than conveying the sense of the original. Literal translations thus commonly mis-translate idioms. Also, in the context of translating an analytic language to a synthetic language, it renders even the grammar unintelligible. A literal English translation of the German word â€Å"Kindergarten† would be â€Å"children garden,† but in English the expression refers to the school year between pre-school and first grade. Literal translations in which individual components within words or compounds are translated to create new lexical items in the target language (a process also known as â€Å"loan translation†) are called calques, e. g. , â€Å"beer garden† from German â€Å"Biergarten. † Literal translation of the Italian sentence, â€Å"So che questa non va bene† (â€Å"I know that this is not good†), produces â€Å"Know(I) that this not go(it) well,† which has English words and Italian grammar. Further more, literal translation of idioms is a source of numerous translators’ jokes and apocrypha. The following famous example has often been told both in the context of newbie translators and that of machine translation: when the sentence â€Å"The spirit is strong, but the flesh is weak† was translated into Russian and then back to English, the result was â€Å"The vodka is good, but the meat is rotten. † This is generally believed to be simply an amusing story, and not a factual reference to an actual machine translation error [1]. Literal translation can also denote a translation that represents the precise meaning of the original text but does not attempt to convey its style, beauty, or poetry. Charles Singleton’s translation of The Divine Comedy (1975) is regarded as a literal translation. In Conclusion , A literal translation is a translation that  follows closely the form of the source language Also known as: word-for-word translation. This translation can not be applied in nature, because it will result sentences can not be understood . â€Å"literal† translations can actually result in mis-communication of the meaning of the text. The point is, of course, that the translators have decided to translate words, but not larger semantic units such as phrases.

Fundamentals of Management Essay

1) One of Zappos’ key features is free returns on shoes that don’t fit. Answer: TRUE Explanation: An online shoe store needs to be allow customers to â€Å"try on† shoes. Zappos does this with free returns and no questions asked. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 29 Objective: 2.1 2) One element of Zappos’ success is that it has limited selection, focusing on quality rather than a great number of different brands and styles. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Zappos has an enormous selection. Selection is one of the advantages it has over conventional shoe stores. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 29 Objective: 2.1 3) One of Zappos’ goals is to deliver WOW to its customers. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Delivering WOW is one of Zappos’ ten corporate values. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 29 Objective: 2.1 4) A major cause of the shutdown of a BMW assembly plant in South Carolina in 2010 was a bank crisis in Iceland. Answer: FALSE Explanation: A volcanic eruption in Iceland was the cause of the shutdown, preventing deliveries to the plant. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30 AACSB: Dynamics of the global economy Objective: 2.1 Learning Outcome: Identify the fundamental concepts and issues of international business and management 5) The external environment of an organization includes factors and forces that can affect how the organization operates. Answer: TRUE Explanation: The external environment includes any outside agent that can influence the performance of the organization. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30 AACSB: Multicultural and diversity understanding Objective: 2.1 Learning Outcome: Describe the components of the management environment 6)  The components of an organization’s external environment include a technological component and a political component. Answer: TRUE Explanation: The technological component may include such things as new software, while the political component may include office holders who directly affect a company’s business. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30 AACSB: Analytic skills Objective: 2.1 Learning Outcome: Describe the components of the management environment 7) The sociocultural component of the external environment of an organization includes trends and traditions, but not basic attitudes and values. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The sociocultural component of the external environment includes all beliefs and values as well as attitudes and behavioral patterns. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 30 Objective: 2.1 Learning Outcome: Describe the components of the management environment 8) The overall trend toward globalization is part of the political component of an organization’s external environment. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Globalization is part of the global component of an organization’s external environment. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 AACSB: Dynamics of the global economy Objective: 2.1 Learning Outcome: Identify the fundamental concepts and issues of international business and management 9) High interest rates have been identified as a major cause of the economic meltdown that began in 2008. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Low interest rates, rather than high interest rates, have been named as a cause of economic problems. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 AACSB: Dynamics of the global economy Objective: 2.1 Learning Outcome: Identify the fundamental concepts and issues of international business and management 10) Prior to the recession that began in 2008, many businesses became highly leveraged, which is another term for a company with a high debt-to-assets ratio. Answer: TRUE Explanation: With  cheap credit, companies tended to take on too much debt.

Outsiders Book and Movie Comparison Essay

The book and the movie of the Outsiders are two very different stories. The book has so much more detail then the movie. The movie is not the most detailed but it does get its point across. There are may similarities and also many differences between the two the book is by far more interesting and more detailed then the movie. I enjoyed the book a lot and the movies a lot but the movie was missing a lot. A few similarities between the movie and book are that the movie still has the complete Greaser gang Pony, Johnny, Soda, Darry, Dally, Two-Bit and Steve. They still have some of the more sad part like when Johnny and Dally die. There is still lots of conflict between the Greasers and the Soc’s. There is still the situation where Johnny kills one of the Soc’s and Johnny and Ponyboy both skip town. They still go to the church and hide out for 5 days. They still save the little kids from the burning church house. They still have the rumble and they also still win it. The settings are both still the same they both take place in Tulsa Oklahoma in the mid 1960’s. They both still have the same conflicts and the same out comes to the conflicts. Both the book and the movies are very much alike. There are still a few differences like in the book, there is a rich west side and a poor east side. In the movie, there is a rich south side Soc and a poor north side Greaser. Darry doesn’t treat Pony as bad in the movie as he did in the book . Pony takes the death of Johnny and Dally a little less harder the movie then he did in the book. The movie dosen’t mention Sodapops horse Mickey Mouse. Sodapop and Dally aren’t blonds like they are in the book, instead they are brunettes in the movie. The church that Ponyboy and Johnny run away to isn’t on a hill it is just out there. The movie also never mentions sodapops girl friend. In the book Soda gives Ponyboy money while in the book he didn’t. Also the book was written in Ponyboy’s perspective and the movie was not, the movie was written in everyone’s perspective. In the Movie the Socs were from the South instead of the West. Ponyboy doesn’t smoke as much in the movie as they said so in the book. Ponyboy Curtis in the fourteen-year-old boy that explains the story in both the book and the movie, and also the youngest of the greasers. Ponyboy is ery intelligent compared to the rest of the gang he is most defenatly the smartest to them all. Because his parents have died in a car accident, Ponyboy lives with his two brothers Darry and Sodapop in both the book and movie. Darry repeatedly accuses Ponyboy of lacking common sense in the book more so then in the movie, but Ponyboy is a much brighter then his brother takes him for. Throughout the novel, Ponyboy struggles with class division, violence, innocence, and familial love but in the movie they dont focus on his school as much. He matures over the course of the book and the movie both. Darrel Curtis Ponyboy’s oldest brother. Darrel, known as â€Å"Darry,† both in the book and in the movie. He is a twenty-year-old greaser who is raising Ponyboy because their parents have died in a car crash. Strong, athletic, and intelligent, Darry has quit school in the book and in the movie. He works two jobs to hold the family together. One of the leader of the greasers, he becomes an parent role model for Ponyboy. He also makes good chocolate cake, which he and his brothers eat every day for breakfast in the book but the movie really does not mention it. The other greasers call him â€Å"Superman. † Sodapop Curtis Ponyboy’s fun, intergetic, handsome brother. Sodapop is the middle Curtis boy. Ponyboy admires Sodapop’s good looks and charm. Sodapop is really a great person in both the book and the movie his plans are to marry Sandy , a greaser girl. Two-Bit Mathews The joker of Ponyboy’s group. Two-Bit, whose real name is Keith, is a wise-cracking greaser who regularly shoplift he gets in trouble a lot more in the movie more so then in the book. He loves his sleek black-handled switchblade so much in both the book and the movie. Dallas Winston the toughest hood in Ponyboy’s group of greasers. Dallas, known as â€Å"Dally,† is a big bad teen who used to run with gangs in New York shown both in the book and the movie. He has an elfin face and icy blue eyes and, unlike the others he do not put grease in his white-blond hair. Dally’s violent tendencies make him more dangerous than the other greasers in both the book and the movie, and he takes pride in his criminal record more so in the book then the movie. Sandy is Sodapop’s girlfriend in both the book and the movie. Sandy is pregnant with another boys child and moves to Florida to live with her grandmother in both the book and the movie. Like the other greaser girls, Sandy only is shown in the book and the movie when the boys mention her. Cherry Valance Bob’s girlfriend, she is a Soc cheerleader. When one night Ponyboy meets her at the movies in both the book and the movie. Cherry’s real name is Sheri, but people call her Cherry because of her red hair. Ponyboy and Cherry have so much in common, and Ponyboy feels comfortable talking to her more so mentioned in the book then in the movie. This is why I say the book of the Outsiders is far better then the movie. The movie is missing lots of detail and the book is far more interesting then the movie.

Week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Week 3 - Essay Example ccessful undertaking while taking particular considerations to the current economic conditions and so as to develop contingency plans in that respect. In essence, it is a plan of thriving in the market. While there are different types of business plans, they all can serve either of the two purposes: internal and external (Schwetje & Vaseghi, 2007, p. 1). When a business plan has an internal function, it presents strategies and tactics which can be utilized to effectively manage the internal operations and other domestic affairs of the company. A business plan could also be structured for an external purpose when it presents feasible means of financing (e.g. bank loans, venture capital, strategic alliances) for the continuous operation of the business. The marketing plan is probably the meatiest feature that a business plan could have since it presents how the company’s products should be sold to the target market (even if the market is oligopolistic or in a form of perfect competition though except in a monopolistic structure) or in brief the influx of a real good cash that could support the business operations for a long term (Jaret, et al., 2010, p. 153). The marketing plan typically includes the current market situation, product positioning and/or promotional tactics (Jaret, et al., 2010, p. 154). Apparently it can be said that a product is not doing any good in the market at all either because of a poor marketing strategy or simply because it lacks value and features. However, sometimes a bad product can guise a good image through strategic marketing. A good marketing strategy permits the aspiring businessman to roughly know how to compete in market through a thorough market research. Without a marketing strategy, the business idea is a fail no matter how well established the company’s reputation is. For someone new in the market, everything will be much worse. The financial overview is also an important aspect in a business plan. Defining the financial

Container architecture part2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Container architecture part2 - Assignment Example For the families who live in landed properties, their average monthly income is $25,419. Those that are at upper echelons actually make much more. Families in the top docile, (top 10%) happen to make a disproportionally high monthly average of $30,379 (Diane). The households within the next docile make up to about half of this high monthly average while in the next deciles down the line the figures go down linearly. There has been some significant increase in the resident’s level of education in Singapore time after time. Among those aged in between 25-39 years old, the university graduate percentage increased quite significantly between 2001 and 2011 (Ministry of Education, Singapore). Over the same period, there was a lower rate of increase in the number of holders of diplomas and professional certificates. All this improvement in level of education has been facilitated by the government’s devotion to improve living standards of its residents. In Singapore, education is under the management of the ministry of education (Ministry of Education, Singapore). The ministry controls administration and development of state schools, which enjoy government funding. About 20% of national budget goes to education in Singapore. Singapore’s architecture shows styles and influences from different places and periods. These include eclectic styles, hybrid styles from colonialism and some tendency of contemporary architecture incorporating many trends from all around the world. Traditional architecture includes local hybrid houses, Malay houses, black and white bungalows and worship places which reflect the ethnic as well as religious diversity of city-state and civic as well as commercial architecture of European neoclassical, Palladian, gothic, and renaissance styles (Powell, pg.46). From 1970s, the city has been dominated modern architecture like the brutalistic style. Many buildings today especially to the

Sensory perceptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sensory perceptions - Essay Example I will give facts on aspects that lead a person to believe another one’s view on the world and also describe factors contributing to accuracy of this sensory data. Analysing and discussing human development as a child and the child’s outside nurturing influences and how this is continued through to adulthood plays a major role in sensory perceptions. My goal in this paper is to research influences and factors that all contribute to the development of the brain that is the key instrument in interpreting situations , circumstances and experiences in the world. Mental Illness, trauma, and consumption of substances. I will also describe three factors that would influence the accuracy of sensory data and they will come under the headings of childhood positive verbal communication, childhood environment, individual beliefs. My final paragraph will bring the titles together and discuss the roles of natural and nurtured abilities that contribute in interpreting and the world. There are certain mental illnesses that can distort ones view or interpretation of the world â€Å"they have hallucinations ( actually seeing or hearing things that don’t exist) Trauma is said to be the causes losing connections in early brain development which can cause mental illness and an inability to form an accurate view of the world in adulthood â€Å"the brain is compromised of many regions... within each of these brain areas are millions of neurons or nerve cells, which send messages to each other across synapses... Because the brain operates on the â€Å" use it† or â€Å"lose it â€Å" rule an â€Å"over pruning† of these connections can occur

Detection of Attacks Executed by Multiple Users Dissertation

Detection of Attacks Executed by Multiple Users - Dissertation Example Some of these mass-users attacks are triggered by the big companies and manipulation of online items reputation can be hazardous for the customers. As a rule, well-known products are chosen for this type of attacks. For example, Amazon books, some hotels in travel sites, and a great number of digital content can be a fertile ground for mass-users attacks. Not only these vicious and hazardous attacks can be the greatest challenge of the electronic life, but still Netizens and other computer world dwellers are intimidated by mass-users attacks. Under conditions of this type of attacks, fraudulent users implement their well planned strategies and manipulate reputation of numerous target products. To consider these attacks and the ways of dealing with them, it is possible to apply a defense scheme that (1) develops heterogeneous thresholds for developing protection against suspicious products and (2) analyzes focus items on the basis of correlation analysis among suspicious items. Real u ser data and simulation data should be correlated and on the basis of such kind of correlation it is relevant to identify potential mass-user attackers. The given scheme shows the main advantages in finding out fraudulent users, recovering challenging errors in the systems, and reducing attacks related to normal products, sites etc. Â   The problem of attacks executed by multiple users is a complicated task and the modern researches are working in the name of these fraudulent groups identification. The main task of the modern researchers in this field is to apply advanced artificial intelligence and complex adaptive systems to stop, foresee and prevent distributed attacks of the network. Multiple attackers work together and very often it is difficult to foresee and prevent this type of an attack. Data Reduction Techniques is one of the most convenient means of preventing this type of attacks. IDS approaches are nowadays limited in a proper identification of relevant information in high-speed network data streams. The appropriate analysis of IDS enables taking control over such type of attacks. There is a need to conduct a dynamic and real-time control over current attacks. Relevant information can be processed and it can serve as an input vector to IDS. There is another challenge, which is a great variety of activity and processes occurring in the network environment to identify a subset of data that is very difficult for analysis. There is a suggestion to design an anomaly detection scheme for prevention of mass online attacks. This underlying scheme is based on several components integration: first is the importance of time-domain change detection, the second step is the importance of system-level visualization, the third are the selection of heterogeneous threshold and a conduct of a proper correlation analysis. Therefore, we can claim that for prevention and protecting computer systems from mass-users attacks it is necessary to pay attention to the new ph ilosophy. Currently existent schemes of attack prevention and protection are mainly based on homogenous correlation of items and the proposed scheme provides a much better performance in the process of malicious users' detection and reducing impacts on normal issues. Due to a wide range of activities and processes, the identification of fraud in a network environme

Bone Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bone Disorders - Essay Example Bone problems are of different kinds. They may include osteoporosis caused by low density of bone and which makes bones weak and susceptible to breakage, osteogenesis imperfect which increases the brittleness of bones, and Paget’s bones disease which makes bones weaker. In addition to these bone disorders, bones may also develop a range of infections and cancers. There can be many reasons for the development of bone disorders. Some major causes of bone disorders include genetic factors, poor nutrition, and poor rate of rebuilding and growth of bones. The most important modulators of the process by which bones form are hormones. Optimal development and maintenance of bones depends upon parathyroid hormone, estrogen, and testosterone. Of these, the most direct impact on the cells of bone is made by estrogen which interacts with specific receptors or proteins on the surface of osteoclasts and osteoblasts (Zallone, 2006). Bones maintain their strength and integrity through a process of continuous renewal known as remodeling. Accelerated bone remodeling may cause a range of bone disorders that include but are not limited to familial expansile osteolysis (FEO), juvenile Pagets disease (JPD), Pagets disease of bone (PDB), early-onset Pagets disease of bone (EOPDB), and expansile skeletal hyperphosphatasia (ESH) (Beyens and Van Hul, 2007). Many stud ies have concluded that the main cells responsible for causing disease in these bone disorders are bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Connective tissues are unlike the parenchymal organs in that their form and function reflects the extracellular matrices of the matter they are made up of. These different compositions of matrices lend unique appearance and mechanical properties to cartilage, bone, and dense fibrous connective tissue (Teitelbaum and Bullough, 1979). Dense fibrous connective tissue is made up of collagen in the form of well-oriented collagen bundles whose main

Gatsby vs. Gatsby; novel vs. film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gatsby vs. Gatsby; novel vs. film - Essay Example One time Nick gets an invitation to one of the many parties where he gets to meet Gatsby and they recognize each other, having served in the First World War together. Gatsby’s aim of hosting the parties is to attract the beautiful Daisy. He even gets to ask Nick to organize an â€Å"accidental meeting† so they re-unite; a plan that finally succeeds. Things take a different twist when Daisy’s husband, who is also in an extramarital affair, becomes suspicious of their affair. After a night drive that kills Tom’s mistress, Tom goes hunting for, and shoots Gatsby then himself. Nick sets up a silent burial for Gatsby then returns to his initial home. Decades later in 2013, Baz Luhrmann directed a film, in the same name, featuring famous stars such as Leonardo DiCaprio. The Great Gatsby film was successful almost instantly that it won awards in its first year. This essay will compare the film and novel in detail and evaluate their representation on the theme of the human condition of always yearning for better or higher positions. The novel did not rise to fame immediately, it was published, but after the author died; it was integrated into the high school English literature curriculum where its popularity began. The popularity is attributed to its close relation to real life events that overly engage the readers in that it portrays themes with both emotional and moral significances which are considered universal human attributes. What this means is that in reading the book, one always learns something more with regards to what being human entails. In the novel, the main theme portrayed revolves around constant and insatiable human longing which is an inevitable part of human beings. The evidence in the Great Gatsby is seen in the characters like Gatsby, who is a millionaire, but still feels unsatisfied as long as he does not have Daisy. These and other attributes of human beings are brought out using different styles in the novel as this text will discuss. In

Short and long term returns on overseas market Essay

Short and long term returns on overseas market - Essay Example Many firms, like large oil or chemical companies, operate in industries with large economies of scale and their operations spill across national boundaries simply to be competitive. Cost considerations (e.g. transport) are important in choosing whether to increase exports or invest overseas. Equally tariff barriers to trade can encourage direct investment, but non-tariff barriers are also important. Many services are not exportable in any direct sense and have to be delivered in the overseas market through direct investment. They need to respond to the changing demand considerations of overseas markets - especially where product specifications are different from the home market. This may make it sensible to locate closer to the main centres of demand, to enable easier adaptation without disruption to production in the domestic market. Other disincentives to direct trade could be that competition takes place on grounds other than price and quality of output. For example, competition in some product markets may be mainly in terms of after sales service. Most direct investment, as with trade, occurs between similar industrial countries. direct investments will take place without displacing trade. They may even encourage greater trade flows, because intermediate inputs of production will need to be exported to support the overseas plants. In this instance, as in some others, direct investment is complementary to trade. On other occasions, it may substitute for it. Another explanation for overseas investment with parallels in trade theory is a version of the "product cycle" theory. Here production initially begins in the domestic country where the product was developed, with good access to the skilled designers and technicians responsible for "inventing" the product. As the product matures, these inputs become less important and production shifts to a country with a cost advantage in the production of the now standard good. Production overseas is cheaper and goods are exported back into the domestic economy. A further explanation for firms' investment in a foreign market rather than exporting goods to it is that there are external benefits (or spillovers) from overseas investment. These are most likely to stem from location in markets which set trends in demand, or are the "centers of excellence" in terms of production techniques, design, marketing or organization. Why overseas investment The prime motivation for investment in the international market must be that the stream of earnings is expected to exceed that which could be earned in the domestic markets. This could often be attributed to lower production costs in other countries. This investment will ultimately benefit the economy as a whole. The stream of income from overseas investments changes the composition of the current account of the balance of payments. Most directly, it does so by increasing the economy's earnings from abroad. But it may also indirectly promote a net trade improvement. Portfolio Investment In portfolio investment, there is no attempt by portfolio investors to actively control the management of a firm, rather it aims to seek out

How the Media Affects Politics Essay Example for Free

How the Media Affects Politics Essay Walt Disney once said, â€Å"Movies can and do have tremendous influence in shaping young lives in the realm of entertainment towards the ideals and objectives of normal adulthood.† Disney’s argument displays that the media makes a huge impact on the decisions of young people. The media has never had such an influence on people’s perspectives and decisions as it does today. In this day and age, this new media is everywhere: on the internet, television, the radio and anything else that is electronic. In the past, the media was not as advanced; it influenced Americans’ presidential choices less than it does today. The new media makes an impact on whom to vote for. Now that most Americans get their political news through the media, they are subjects to biased information. One form of this new media is the website, College Humor. College Humor has made a grand impact on so many peoples choices, especially choices concerning politics. On College Humor there are many political videos, articles, and visuals that influence many Americans presidential and political party choices. College Humors website is always up to date with the latest news, making it an accurate source for political information. It even has a timeline to display when specific political events take place. In addition, this website is also a show featured on MTV which helps to broaden its audience. College Humor’s audience is mainly college students. College students are usually new voters, therefore they are usually new to politics. In addition, many of these students have yet to decide which political party they would like to support. College Humor’s Youtube page alone has three million subscribers and has over one billion video views. Thus, over three million people’s views on politics are being altered. College Humor displays the Democratic Party as extremely liberal and the Republican Party as extremely conservative. There is no â€Å"in the middle party† or Independent Party. This website’s use of the rhetorical device humor persuades its audience to vote for either Barack Obama or Mitt Romney because it allows you to see the views of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party in their most extreme form. On College Humor, some of the articles, pictures, and videos mock Obama and the policies that he is supporting. One video featured on College Humor is 6-Year Old Gives 10 Reasons NOT to Vote for Obama. In this video, a young child is directed to state ten reasons why Obama is not the right candidate for president. These ten points let the audience know both about Obama’s character and what he would like to accomplish if he wins this election. The video is biased because it is from a Republican’s perspective and only displays the negative aspects of Obama’s policies. The fact that a child was used to display these reasons is a way to appeal to the audience. Most people would pay more attention if a child is speaking rather than an adult. In addition, the child’s diction is sophisticated. Thus, the child is able to establish reasons not to vote for Obama accurately and gain more awareness because of his age. The comments on the video are both negative and positive. The Republicans reacted by stating that the child is â€Å"smart for going against Obama,† that â€Å"he is more sophisticated than most Democrats,† that â€Å"there is nothing wrong with indoctrination,† and that â€Å"this is the best video of the year.† However, the Democrats were offended by this video. They stated that â€Å"using a kid for this is shameful,† that they would â€Å"vote for Obama for all those reasons,† and that â€Å"making your kid say s*** he doesn’t understand is pretty f***** up.† The point that the parents are trying to make by using their son is interpreted differently by members of both parties. It persuades people who have not decided whether or not they are Democratic or Republican because it allows you to get a specific perspective on the Republican party. Many young people who agree with the video might consider becoming a Republican and many who do not agree might consider becoming a Democrat. In addition to videos, articles, and visuals that mock Obama, there are videos, articles, and visuals that mock Romney. College Humor created a video called Mitt Romney Style. Throughout this video, an actor playing Mitt Romney dances and sings about his views and characteristics as a Republican candidate for the 2012 election. This video mocks Romney’s reputation as a rich man who believes that society should be ran by an elite. It displays how Romney lives a sumptuous life. Romney is portrayed as extremely rich in the lines â€Å"I’ve got a private jet that flies  me way up in the air† and â€Å"I bought a mansion for each of my two million heirs, straight up millionaire.† In addition, Romney’s comment that forty-seven percent of Americans believe that they are â€Å"victims† and that they will vote for president Obama â€Å"no matter what† is referenced in the part when Romney laughs at the forty-seven percent sign on the waiter’s back. Both parties reacted differently to this parody. The Democrats thought the video was hysterical. They commented saying that Romney should actually sing this song because then they would â€Å"definitely vote for him.† Other Democrats made comments saying that this is the reason Obama is the better candidate. Many Republicans thought this was a harmless video that was meant for a good laugh and thats all. Other Republicans found the video to be very offensive. One Republican actually commented and said, these cheesy/immature videos and others like it have and will influence how voters (especially young ones), decide who to vote for. Another Republican stated, these dumb and false videos are why I weep for the USAs future. People watching the video are being persuaded to vote against Romney. Romney is made to look incompetent. The audience visualizes Romney as someone who loves women, is really rich, and is absurd. While the video I discussed about the six year old mocks Obama and Mitt Romney Style mocks Romney, there are also videos on College Humor that mock both Romney and Obama. A video featured on College Humor called Epic Rap Battle: Mitt Romney vs. Barack Obama ridicules Obama and Romney and changes the view of many voters. In this video, two actors imitate Obama and Romney. The two actors have a debate while rapping. By the end, the audience is asked to choose who won and the viewers comment with their opinions. The Republicans commented, Romney!!! while the Democrats commented, Obama!!! One comment said Oh s***! This changes everything. This displays that this video alone changes the views of voters. Viewers who do not know who they are voting for are receiving false information. Therefore, they might vote for a candidate they THINK suits them but might actually be the complete opposite. Along with videos and pictures, there are also surveys and quizzes on College Humor that persuade voters. On College Humor, there is a quiz called Political Party Picker. This quiz tells the person taking it which political party he or she belongs to. The  questions only give two answer choices and both choices are extremely conflicting. For example, on of the questions states If Mitt Romney is elected president, you will? The Democratic answer is Cry! Panic! Flee the country and never return! The Republican answer is Party like crazy and celebrate getting your country back. There is no answer that is placed in the middle, which means there is no Independent Party choice. In addition, at the end of the quiz you can only be a Republican or a Democrat. If the person chooses both Democratic and Republican answers, the quiz says that he or she is new to politics and chooses a political party that he or she belongs to. A person who does not know which political party he or she fit into might take this quiz in hopes for an accurate response. However, because there are very few questions with opposing answer choices and no Independent Party, the quiz is not realistic at all. A person who does not know much about politics such as a college student might take this quiz literally and think that he or she is apart of whatever party he or she received. He or she might only vote for that partys candidate. This alters the persons entire view on politics. This displays that media alone can persuade a persons perspective. Any kind of media can persuade a voters perspective. College Humor uses videos, visuals, music, articles, and even quizzes to do so. The variety of types of media College Humor uses makes its argument potent and cogent. College Humors au courant information creates a reliable appearance for the website, which allows many people to believe what it has to say. Many college students, and other young people, are naive and therefore trust websites similar to College Humor. They confide in what the media says because they presume it is genuine. The media is a powerful tool of persuasion because so many people use it as their only source of information. It can change views as well as formulate new views, especially political ones. The media has a massive impact in persuading voters and tremendous influence in shaping young lives. Bibliography: http://www.collegehumor.com/ http://www.collegehumor.com/timeline/politics/2012/september http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOnHrAGKwJ4 http://www.collegehumor.com/picker/6818843/political-party-picker