Analysis Of Ground Zero Tourism Essay

Analysis Of fuzee nix Tourism EssayIn this contribution the informant entrust analyse the different cultures of drab tourism and analyse the shade and meaning of learning aught and 9/11 memorialization Museum. In part of popularations review, the spring already has given out dickens main(prenominal) justifications for them, they are memorial places and sign of the ugly side of war on terrorism. In this section, the root will have an in depth analysis these issues.Firstly, in previons section it is seen that loathsomeness exhibitions should be amply of education, so the educational aspect will be looked at first. As mess known, grief will damage the physical and mental health of human, and they should pay much than financial aid on social activities, past memorises and get a vision for the future (Parkes 2002). Base on this theory, base zilch and the 9/11 tarradiddle Museum they disposition the grief of 9/11 terrorism attacks, but the new building of muse um and rebuild the manhood Trade Center is a sign for masses to detect the people who died in the attacks (memories of the past) and meet the new life (vision for the future), thus the run aground Zero and 9/11 repository Museum confirm Parkerss (2002) point of view, telling people vividly more or less(prenominal) account statement and grief, thus these two places are not just places for people to remember, but in addition a sign for people to stick out a new life.In addition, in government website of 9/11 memorialization Museum they cooperated with New York City Department of Education and the New Jersey focus on Holocaust Education (2011) to make teaching plans to tenderize useful educational programs to offer information and knowledge near the events of 9/11, history of attacks, and the status 9/11 world. Meanwhile, they also champion people who have lost people in the terrorism attacks out of the pain and grief. The government website said they certain some(pre nominal) parents message that they do not know how to teach their children the history well-nigh 9/11 and what happened in the 9/11 terrorism attacks, in this way the 9/11 autobiography Museum offer a plan on their website to wholly parents, on how to tell the true history of 9/11 event to their children, and this information is all free. The objective is to face up to the history is necessary for the people, and everybody has a right to tot in the history, thus the teaching and l move ining plans of 9/11 archives Museum offer an effective way for people to understand their history. From these, the 9/11 remembrance Museum get outd a wealth of information is telling visitors the dangers of terrorism, anticipate away from terrorism, against terrorism and peace loving, has a self-coloured role in education.There is an early(a) reason for people to understand the real terrorism attacks in the museum that is museum cooperation with StoryCorps to record the terrorist attacks of 26/02/1993 and 11/09/2001, which involve the narratives from survivors, rescue workers, witnesses, service supplyrs and other people impacted by these events, therefore the museum tries to restore the historic the true (9/11 account Museum website). Rogers and Soyka (2004) suggest through an interview, that a survivors description, recording and voices from the scene, and pictures of the scene, are the surmount ways to show a true picture of 9/11. establish on these the account Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum tells the real history which expands range of educational activities. Above mentioned which not only shows education function of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, but also expression the social function, that is restore the true history to people.Through education, they hope to publicise the harmfulness of terrorism. The other study signifi groundworkce of the Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum is tell people how sore terrorism is and how human will always oppose terrorism (Esp iritu and Moore 2008). base on the voice of survivors which is on exhibition in 9/11Memorial Museum, reveals the dread, alarm, helplessness, hopelessness and pain when the attacks happened (Miller 2011). Ground Zero is rebuilding on the site of the foundation Trade Center, and when people pass the site, they can see the ruins, which shows the pestiferous effect of terrorism. Meanwhile, the pictures in the 9/11 Memorial Museum show the whole history of 9/11 and pass 9/11, it tells visitors the true ugly features of terrorism and how beautiful peace is, and the visitor will be shocked through these pictures ( Bohland 2004). To view the mingled of all kinds of pictures, and hear the voices in the 9/11 Memorial Museum, as vigorous as the ruins of the cosmea Trade Center, both show people the danger, destructive and terrible side of terrorism.In addition, apart from except the above section, one of the major significance of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum is to provide a venue for people around the world to remember the 9/11, as well as to commemorate the people killed in this terrorism attack. subsequently 9/11 in 2001, many visitors that go to the universe Trade Center site have visited to grieve over the deaths. Especially in 9/11 2011, the ten years of 9/11 terrorism attacks, have seem the the Statesn people hold comment that memorial activities in the World Trade Center site. BBC News (2011) on that day many people went into the World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon and Pennsylvania to honour the victims. On September 10, former US president George W Bush laid a wreath to honour the victims and on September 8, there were two lights exquisite the horizon from the World Trade Center site to honour the tenth anniversary after the terrorism attacks. The 9/11 Memorial Museum was receptive on that day (9/11 Memorial Museum website and NY1 news, 2011). The main 9/11 Memorial Museum chose to open on the tenth anniversary to honour 9/11 attack. That day, it opened for victims family and was opened to the public on 12/09/2011. Because many people go to Ground Zero to honour victims, in order to reduce the traffic, as well as not to affect edifice work around Ground Zero, thus the government built the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are centres of the people to remember the 9/11 terrorist attacks events.Another significance is the sign for the war on terrorism, as mentioned in the literature review. later the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the American government published policies against terrorist, and the World Trade Center was seen as the centre of the terrorist attacks, thus the new construction on the site of the World Trade Center has become one of the important symbol of the U.S. government anti terrorism (Melnick 2009).Education, restore true history, shows terrible of terrorism and sign of war on terrorism are major significations related to these two sites. Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memor ial Museum endure a very important role on the fight against terrorism, and full of social function (education people, restore history) and service function (provide the pictures, videos, voice to people and provide places for people to remember) found on the significations and the shade of dark tourism mentioned in the literature review, in the next section the antecedent will use the mesa 1 to analysis the shade of the Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum.4.2-2 Shade of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial MuseumReferring to the literature review, Miles (2002) writes that authors should understand distinction between sites associated with death and suffering, and sites of death and suffering. found on this theory, Stone (2006) gives an example of Auschwitz Birkenau as a site of death and suffering, but the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington DC is belong to sites associated with death and suffering. Because the Auschwitz Birkenau is the direct place that the Nazi impr ison and massacre the people, however, the US Holocaust Memorial Museum is a museum to memorial the massacre, it is a place to memorial the events, thus the shade of the Auschwitz Birkenau isdarker than the US Holocaust Memorial Museum. In Stones (2006) paper, he suggests that,recent death and sad events that may be transported in live remembering through survivors or witnesses are perhaps darker than other events that have descended into the distant pastBecause of this, those dark events similar the Auschwitz Birkenau and the Ground Zero which can be described as darker because of them can be proved by the survival and living the place could arouse a greater sense of empathy (Stone, 2006). As the above theories, the author considered the Ground Zero can be classified in darker and the 9/11 Memorial Museum is luminosity than former, could be describe as dark. In the sideline part, the author will use table to analysis more details to explain why the Ground Zero is belong to d arker and 9/11 Memorial Museum is darkAnalysis through the table 1 from top to bottom, the first one is about polities. As known after 9/11 terrorism attacks events, American government implementation of a series of anti terrorism policies, and the strength is more strong than before the 9/11 events. The main and official aim is to exterminate al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations. In 2002, the Bush administration will be the definition of state terrorism as the primary threat in the United States, and replace religious terrorism and defined Iraq and Iran as the main terrorism base because who have weapons of mass destruction (CNN U.S. 2002). Followed by March 2003, U.S. government sent troop to Iraq and announces the Iraq was a part of war on terrorism, it opened the serve of the war on terrorism, and in April 2003 the Baghdad the capital of Iraq was fell and the government of Saddam Hussein was dissolved. After 9/11 events, former American chairman Bush, G. W. operation w ith former President of Pakistan to against the Taliban government in Afghanistan (USA Today News, 2006). In 2005, American government to amend the anti terrorism policy, and requalification terrorism objects, from original whiz al Qaeda expanded to more than 20 organisations (Argomaniz, 2010). Meanwhile, American government established Homeland Security Department to build a safer and more sizeable structure of the Homeland Security Department (Department of Homeland Security website). This series of policy changes is the 9/11 events brought to American government, also ca employ changes in government policy. Based on table 1, it shows if the site has a amplyer political influence it will be trend to darker, thus Ground Zero as the events concentrate on it should be belong to darker. However, the 9/11 Memorial Museum as a new building to remember the people death in 9/11 it not influence the polities, but why it is also classified in the darker or dark, it can not just analys is one aspect, it will be explain from other element of table 1.The next element will be analysed is education orientation. At the first of this part the author already mentioned the signification of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, it allow in full content of education. Based on above information, Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are have high education for people, and the 9/11 Memorial Museum also offer many useful action to show the educational significance to visitors, and some project in museum could help the parents to teach their children, this is also played a significant role in the education of next generation. On this element, Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are have a very strong education role, thus them should be part of darker.From history aspect, Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum both are record the history. In the table 1, it say of the sites are trend to darkest which should be the history centric and conservation of commemorative. As know, Ground Zero is build in the site of the World Trade Center, the new building is witness of this history of 9/11 events and 9/11 Memorial Museum collected many pictures, voices, stories and videos about that events, it the best save of that events, shows real history and also can restore the truth history for future generations. In term of commemorative, the author already gives out many factors to proved Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum full of memorable. It is worth mentioning that ground on the 9/11 Memorial Museum website the purpose and mission is better remember and memorial people who death in 9/11 attacks. Consequently, there is no doubt that these two places main function is memory. In this regard, they also trend to be darker.There is another side also can prove Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are pertain to darker. Based on shade of dark tourism, if increase include perceived authentic it could be belong to darker. Although, Ground Zero is building in the site of the World Trade Center, the new building will recover the site, but the face of terrorist attacks at this site will not be changed and many memorial activates in here could engender a degree empathy to visitors. The products in 9/11 Memorial Museum are the directly materials which related to the terrorist attacks, such as pictures of the scene of terrorist attacks, video recording of the World Trade Center which was attacked., photos of victims and people can share the story about 9/11 attacks, all of these are let people quality very directly of destructive of 9/11 attacks. These products of 9/11 Memorial Museum can make a strong resonance for visitors. Direct show 9/11 and make visitors experience a real 9/11 are the feature of products in Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum.In the table 1, it mentioned the perspective authenticity. In this paper the author has been mentioned many times that Ground Zero is build in the site of the World Trade Center and the 9/11 Me morial Museum is near by the attacks site, in terms of location these two place are very close to terrorist attacks.The last one is tourism root and supply. The infrastructure is defined as basic facility and physical for an organization needed for operation or service to match the function and aim (Jeffrey, 2009). After Ground Zero build, it will be use as business it must include many high level and complete facilities and infrastructure for people, in the 9/11 Memorial Museum, in order to provide a skillful service to visitors the museum also use many high tech infrastructure. pertain to supple of 9/11 Memorial Museum, the purpose is very clear, that is to remember the 9/11 terrorist attacks, as well as the victims. Based on these two aspects and table 1, Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum they are not trend to darker. However, consider the issued should from different perspective to analysis and then conclude. Based on analysis from above, in the vast majority of aspects t he shade of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are trend to darker side, thus the author consider Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are belong to darker in the shade of dark tourism.4.2 3 shuttingIn this section, the author give out more details about the signification, shown that Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are full of memorable and historical dark tourism sites. It also a major symbol of the war on terror. Especially the 9/11 Memorial Museum, is very suitable for school and parents to get up the children abut the 9/11 attacks, and make them know how horrible the terrorism is, at the same time is the best place to memorial victims. Understand the shade could help the author depth understand Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum as a multifaceted and complex tourism products. Based on Stones (2006) point, dark not means bad, the darker is closer to the actual event. In Stone (2006) paper says Auschwitz Birkenau can be described as darker. In this chance stu dy, the author based on elements of table 1 (the shade of dark tourism) to analysis Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum form many aspect and concluded Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are trend to darker that is rigorous and theoretical basis. Understanding of nature of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum, enables the author better analysis the strategies which Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum they used in operations, and help the 9/11 Memorial Museum better to happen upon the goals and aim. In the next part, the author will based on these information which mentioned above and through the main strategies for Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum from 2001 to 2011 to depth analysis details about strategies of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum.4.3 Strategies of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum4.3 1 Differentiation strategyIn this section, the author will analysis the strategies of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum. In the table 2, the author summarized the main st rategies which used during 2001 to 2011, from the table it shows the main strategies of these two places is rebuild and build a new building to memory which obstinate by American and New York government. In 2001, after 9/11 attacks, American government decided to rebuild the World Trade Center at the site and quickly began to implement this plan, in same year announced the Lower Manhattan growth Corporation (LMDC) as the official commission. From this, American government officially began the reconstruction of the World Trade Center. Meanwhile, in the same year, after 9/11 attacks American government published some anti terrorist policies, this mean America declared war on terror, and rebuild the World Trade Center is also a reflection of the war on terrorism. The strategy of rebuild the World Trade Center is not only to memory the 9/11 attacks, to revive the confidence of Americans, it is also a reflection of terrorism by the American government (Melnick, 2010). During these te n years, the other main construction strategy is build the 9/11 Memorial Museum. In 2004 the official commission Lower Manhattan Development Corporation decisions design the museum and in 2005 design the mission of museum. Determine of mission is also determine the characteristically of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Based on the 9/11 Memorial Museum website the museum has two main mission. The first is remembered and honor the victims by terrorists in the horrific attacks of February 26, 1993 and September 11, 2001 and this is a very important main mission of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. The second is respect this place made sacred through tragic loss. Based on the mission, it caused the author chose specialism and cost leadership strategies to develop the 9/11 Memorial Museum which was mentioned in the literature review. In September 11, 2011, the ten anniversary of 9/11 the 9/11 Memorial Museum was opened for victims families and September 12, 2011 opened for public for memorial and the museum will open in 2013 (Cohen, 2012).These strategies are specific actions of American and New York government, the author considered that need more professional strategy framework to analysis the Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum and give out more details. Because Ground Zero will be as a business center in the future (Watts, 2009) and the memorial function is a part of it, thus in this section the author will pay more attention on strategies of the 9/11 Memorial Museum.Based on the mission and Porters framework (Evans et, al. 2003 rival Porter, 1985) the author chose two strategies to develop the 9/11 Memorial Museum. The first one is differentiation. Evans et, al (2003) point that the main benefits for differentiation strategy are the following four aspect. The first is the products will be sale by a premium price, because the product is different from others, thus the product could be as an profit for the organisation and the price will add more value. The second ben efit is necessary for its product will be less price elastic than demand for competitors products, that means the product is in a class by the organisation, the organisation could decide the elastic of price by themselves. The next is average acquire can be earned. And the last one is can create good environment for entry the industry and new market. Distinctive product could help the organisation attracts more customer if the product meet the customers needs, and can be occupy dominant position in the competitive. Meanwhile, Evans et, al (2003) also give out the some suggestions for organisations to help them how to chance on a successful differentiation strategy. There are five ways. The first way is creating a superior product than competitors, which is means the product will be excellent in the industry. Then is offer a superior level of service, the quality and characteristics of the product is important, but it is also very important for services, that include pre sale ser vice, the services of sale, as well as after sales services. The third is the organisation should have a superior distribution channels, a good distribution channels could make the orgainsation occupy a better network and branches and will take more newcomer. The next one is creating a strong send image, the status of the brand image in customers mind is increasingly important. In the same price, or a little bit of price difference, customers often demand the product which has a good brand image. The last one is offer a superior forward motion, based on Evans et, al (2003) a successful promotion could give a very deep impression for customers, when they wants to buy similar products, their mind will think of the organisations products first and the choice of customers will take precedence.In this case study, as the Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are nonprofit organisation, therefore main aim of them are not earn profit, thus the author will main focus on services, bran d image and promotion to analysis.Primarily, the author will analysis the service of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. A high quality services could offer a good atmosphere to customers. In the 9/11 Memorial Museum, the organisatin should try them best to make a good environment for victims families and visitors memory. In this aspect, the 9/11 Memorial Museum offers many useful products for customers and also provides services for customers requirements. Firstly, the 9/11 Memorial Museum offers true information about terrorism attacks for visitors, it include pictures, video, stories from survival and others. In the website of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, the author found some people get them do not know how to tell their children what is terrorism and how to tell a real 9/11 attacks for next generation, the 9/11 Memorial Museum based on visitors needs to offer many documents about talk to children about 9/11, and cooperation with the New York City Department of Education and the New Jersey flush on Holocaust Education to offer 9/11 lessons for people and to meet the mission of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. For visitors come to the 9/11 Memorial Museum the main purpose is to memory, based on this, the 9/11 Memorial Museum hold memorial exhibition, and the exhibition provide an opportunity for visitors to learn about the men, women and children who died on September 11, 2001 and February 26, 1993, the 9/11 Memorial Museum use a corridor to show photographs of the nearly 3000 victims form a wall of faces who died in the terrorism attacks to visitors. visitor can better memory the victims through this way, and the wall of faces will help visitors more intuitive understand many people died in terrorism attacks and understand the destructive of terrorism. Not all the visitors can go to the 9/11 Memorial Museum to visit, in this reason, the 9/11 Memorial Museum use google earth to seek the 9/11 memorial within the context of the surrounding landscape of lower Manhattan. This i s include mapping program, creates a virtual look at the World Trade Center site, dimensionally accurate 3D model and other planned projects at the 16 acre site. This can better meet more peoples requirements who want to memory 9/11 and victims, and also provides a good platform for visitor to know about the 9/11 and understanding terrorism.Then is brand image, as a memorial site the brand of 9/11 Memorial Museum is different from other organisations. The 9/11 attacks is the brand of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Refer mentioned above, the brand image could help organisation attracts more customers, but for the 9/11 Memorial Museum it not want to attract visitors, it want to offer a real 9/11 to visitors. Frank (2008) refers that for a museum a strong brand image can be a major asset and should position of the institutional brand, and for a new museum it can try to establish with an unusual subject. For the 9/11 Memorial Museum, it certainly exhibition an unusual show. The 9/11 Memori al Museum as a one of the most important places to memorial of the 9/11, its position is unique. Mentioned 9/11 people would think about the World Trade Center and Ground Zero, and when mentioned where to memory the people will choose Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, in the other hands the purpose to build the 9/11 Memorial Museum is the government want to offer a dedicated place for memory. As a vector sum the brand image of the 9/11 Memorial Museum is unique and it is a strong image in visitors mind who want to memory the victims died in 9/11 attacks. Frank (2008) also point out a good brand image can provide reinforcement of mission, operating stability and increase revenue. In this theory, the 9/11 Memorial Museum in order to meet the mission, it should keep and maintain unique brand, and through offer real information about 9/11 attacks and high level of service to improve the brand image to make more people choose the 9/11 Memorial Museum to memory and understand the 9/11 attacks.The last one is promotion. As a memory place the main purpose it make visitors get more experiences from the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Carman (2010) points out the important thing for promotion to museum status is understand why do people visit museums at all? In this case study the author mentioned many times, the visitors go to Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum is in order to memory and understand the real 9/11 attacks, thus the promotion of the 9/11 Memorial Museum should based on the purpose to decided. Also based on the website of 9/11 Memorial Museum it not try to attract many visitors through promotion, it just use promotion to publicity how threatening and destructive of terrorism, and will bring huge damage for human. In this reason, the promotion for the 9/11 Memorial Museum is different from other museum, in the website the 9/11 Memorial Museum established a special column about 9/11 attacks, people could share stories in there. This special column offer a platform for survivor, victims families, and visitors to deep feel 9/11 attacks, in this column there are many stories shared, and it is a effective way to stimulate people go to the 9/11 Memorial Museum to visit and to know more. Wherefore, the 9/11 Memorial Museum should show some experiences to people to motive them, make more visitors come to the 9/11 Memorial Museum, and achieve the aim for make more people understand 9/11 and approach the mission.4.3 2 Cost leadership strategyBased on Evans et, al. (2003) the benefits for an organisation through strategy of cost leadership are summarised as following aspects, the first one is the organisation could earn high profits and possibility to increase both sale and market share in the industry. Then is help organization entry new market and particularly worth(predicate) in a market where customers are price sensitive. How to make this strategy successful? Refer to Evans et, al (2003) they give out some way to achieve this strategy reducing cost reduce cost is a effective way to occupy more market share, because the organisation has price advantage.using less expensive resource inputs reduce the inputs could make organisation ensure the price advantage, eg easyJet.Producing products with no frills, this way could reducing labour cost and increasing labour productivity.Achieving economies of get over by high volume sales the high volume of sales is a good way to ensure the profits.For the 9/11 Memorial Museum and Ground Zero, they are nonprofits organisations, but they have many partner to support them, especially for the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Through the website, the partners are including 9/11 content Day of Service, 9/11 Tribute Center, Project Rebirth, Story Corps and Voices of September 11th. All of them are helping the 9/11 Memorial Museum to better content. Evans et, al (2003) refer that the definition of cost leadership is organisation and managing its value adding activities so as to be the lowest cost producer of a product (a good or service) within an industryThe information from the website of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, the budget for the 9/11 Memorial Museum funded by private and public funds, is $530 million, and in additional, New York State grant $80 million. A wide range of support for the government decided to build the 9/11 Memorial Museum to reduce the burden. Compare with other museums, the 9/11 Memorial Museum add and attach a lot of significance which was mentioned in the above. Special signification of historical and memorable for the 9/11 Memorial Museum makes this museum has a certain degree of competitiveness. Moreover, the 9/11 Memorial Museum provides various useful products, information and hold many activities (these are mentioned in 4.2 and 4.3 1) to meet visitors needs, all of these are make this museum as the choice to memory the 9/11 for many people.4.3 3 ConclusionThe 9/11 Memorial Museum as a nonprofits organisation, strategies for it not in order to earn money, the aim for these strategies are help the 9/11 Memorial Museum achieve the aim and mission. As a place for people to memory 9/11 attacks, the 9/11 Memorial Museum should provide a very high level and quality of service to people, and ensure the visitors could take experiences from the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Miles (2002) points outdark tourism site must engender a degree of empathy between the sightseer and the past victim (or product)For the 9/11 Memorial Museum, many products are collection by primary resources, such as photographs, videotapes, voice messages, recovered property, clothing and other personal effects, workplace memorabilia, incident specific documents, and original writings including letters, e mails and diaries, all of them will stimulate optical sense, emotion, empathy and mood of the visitors. However, these strategies which mentioned above are useful way for the 9/11 Memorial Museum to engender empathy with visitors.In this section, the author an aysis how the differentiation and cost leadership strategies used in the 9/11 Memorial Museum, and give out the signification and functions of these strategies. Because of these strategies, which ensure the 9/11 Memorial Museum achieve the mission and the aim, and the continuous identification of the aim and mission ensure the 9/11 Memorial Museum has been in a position to provide people with a positive sense. In the 4.1 the author analysis the negative and positive of dark tourism, avoid the negative aspects and develop the positive aspect is very serious for a museum, in terms of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, keep the positive mission and follow the mission to decide strategies could avoid negative aspects as much as possible.Chapter 5 ConclusionThis chapter aims to bring together and conclude the main findings and procedures of this case study.The author uses secondary research to collect the information and data and uses theory for analysis, starting with characteristics and proper ties of dark tourism, Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum which include the nature, positive aspects and negative aspects, these analyse help the author achieve the objective about an evaluate dark tourism, and relate to Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum is closed to the case study.Then specific to Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, the chapter 4.2 analyse significance and shade of them. In this chapter the author began